"Digital payment tokens that function primarily as a medium of exchange or utility within a specific ecosystem, rather than as investment vehicles with expectation of profits, fall outside our securities regulatory perimeter," stated a senior MAS official in a 2024 guidance document.
"The Court finds that deflationary mechanisms such as token burns, in isolation, do not transform a utility token into a security. The mere fact that token supply reduction may create scarcity value does not establish the 'expectation of profits predominantly from the efforts of others' required under Howey."— Judge Amy Berman Jackson, SEC v. Binance ruling (July 2024)